No UN member state recognizes Transnistria, only three UN non-member states (South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)). [77][78] Some sources consider election results suspect. In Rbnia District they were a 29.9% minority, and in the city of Tiraspol, they constituted a 15.2% minority of the population. Transnistria - officially called the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic by Moldova - is a narrow strip of land between Moldova and western Ukraine that is home to about 500,000 people. Aramco, which the Saudi government owns, is considered the world's second-largest company, with crude oil reserves of 270 billion barrels. Apple Incorporation's ranking is the second most valuable company globally, following Saudi Aramco in Saudi Arabia, with a $2.332 Trillion. Russian-occupied Transnistria announces three-month military training for men starting from March 1. [100], During the prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian military intelligence stated on 14 January 2022 that they had evidence that the Russian government was covertly planning false flag "provocations" against Russian soldiers stationed in Transnistria, which would be used to justify a Russian invasion of Ukraine. In November 2003, Dmitry Kozak, a counselor of Russian president Vladimir Putin, proposed a memorandum on the creation of an asymmetric federal Moldovan state, with Moldova holding a majority and Transnistria being a minority part of the federation. [26] These four partially recognised or unrecognised states maintain friendly relations with each other and form the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations.[27][28][29]. In the autumn of 2006, the Transnistrian leadership agreed to let an OSCE inspectorate examine the munitions and further access was agreed moving forward. In the interest of preserving a unified Moldavian SSR within the USSR and preventing the situation escalating further, then Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, while citing the restriction of civil rights of ethnic minorities by Moldova as the cause of the dispute, declared the Transnistria proclamation to be lacking legal basis and annulled it by presidential decree on 22 December 1990. Bulgarians were the fourth largest ethnic group in Transnistria, albeit much less numerous than the three larger ethnicities. On 21 October 1994, Russia and Moldova signed an agreement that committed Russia to the withdrawal of the troops in three years from the date of entry into force of the agreement;[88] this did not come into effect, however, because the Russian Duma did not ratify it. The current President is Vadim Krasnoselsky. 19. In 2002, Russia withdrew three trainloads (118 railway wagons) of military equipment and two (43 wagons) of ammunition from the Transnistrian region of Moldova, and in 2003, 11 rail convoys transporting military equipment and 31 transporting ammunition. 1 It is wildly popular among cryptocurrency enthusiasts and speculative. Andrei Panici. Violence escalated when in October 1990 the Popular Front called for volunteers to form armed militias to stop an autonomy referendum in Gagauzia, which had an even higher share of ethnic minorities. About 14% of the population did not declare their nationality. One city (Bender) and six villages on the west bank are controlled by the PMR, but are considered by Moldova as a separate municipality (Bender and village of Proteagailovca) or part of the Cueni District (five villages in three communes). " ", Council Decision 2006/96/CFSP of 14 February 2006 implementing Common Position 2004/179/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against the leadership of the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova, "Transnistrian Communist Party leader released on probation", Moldova Strategic Conflict Assessment (SCA), "Valeri Litskai: A situation based on pressure and threats cannot be considered favorable for the revival of contacts", "Russia's humanitarian assistance is a planned propagandist action, Chiinu claims", "Russian troops in Transnistria a threat to the security of the Republic of Moldova", Institute of Political and Military Studies, Chiinu, Moldova, NATO must recognize Russia's compliance with Istanbul accords, "Russian Troops In Transnistria Squeezed By Ukraine And Moldova", "McCain Backs Demand For Russian Troop Withdrawal From Transdniester", "Ukraine blocked Russian contingent to Transnistria (Moldova)", "With Russia Boxed In, Frozen Transdniester Conflict Could Heat Up", "La Tiraspol, faci pucrie, dac negi "rolul pozitiv" al armatei ruse", "Transnistria denies preparing to join Russia's war with Ukraine", "Russia is preparing a pretext for invading Ukraine: US official", "Russia says it prevented border breach from Ukraine, Kyiv calls it fake news", "Russia says crippled warship to be towed back to port, as Ukraine claims missile hit", "Moldauische Konfliktregion Transnistrien meldet Explosionen", "Law enforcement and armed forces of Pridnestrovie", " 2015 ", " 2017 ", Trends in Europe and North America (Explanatory Notes), "Official data from 2004 census and comparison with the 1989 census, by Olvia Press", "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples Transnistria (unrecognised state): Overview", "Christians Face Abuse from Corrupt Regime", ": - ", "Fear, football and torture undercover in Transnistria", "MOLDOVA: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND TREND ASSESSMENT", Queremos zonas de libre comercio tanto al Este como hacia el Oeste, "Privatization will solve the budget problem", " : ", "Shevchuk answering a question about 2007 Transnistrian budget", "Shevchuk explaining that the economic situation is not critical", " 2020 ", "Moldova: Separatist Transnistria Region Reorienting Trade from Russia to EU", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006, Statement by the Ministry of Education, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, on the question of children's educational rights insurance, "Several Transnistrian officials were banned from traveling through EU", "Singurul liceu cu predare n limba romn din Tiraspol, forat s i suspende activitatea pentru 3 luni", "Western Diplomats Say Reports Of Smuggling From Transdniester Likely Exaggerated", UNDP: 2006 Small arms and light weapons survey of Moldova. With 2021 profits over $45 billion and assets topping 5 trillion, the ICBC ranks yet again as the largest lender in the world. China Petrochemical Corporation or Sinopec Group is the world's largest oil refining, gas and petrochemical conglomerate, administered by SASAC for the State Council of the People's Republic of China. largest company in transnistria. A ceasefire agreement, signed on 21 July 1992, has held to the present day. Posted By: GeorgeEaton Date: Friday, 24-Feb-2023 01:40:38 . In 2020, the Transnistrian Customs reported exports of US$633.1million and imports of US$1,052.7million. Armenia News - NEWS.am. In September 2007, the leader of the Pridnestrovie Communist Party, Oleg Khorzhan, was sentenced to a suspended sentence of 1 years' imprisonment for organising unsanctioned actions of protest.[84]. The company owns almost everything in the region: petrol stations, supermarkets, a television channel, construction company, etc. Under the guise of protection of Russia's interests, the special unit's soldiers used to be transferred to areas of conflict - Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Crimea, Georgia. In July 2005 the Transnistrian Supreme Council amended the election code to prohibit media controlled by the Transnistrian authorities from publishing results of polls and forecasts related to elections. Its annual turnover amounts to approximately $400 billion. In 2000 and 2001, Russia withdrew by rail 141 self-propelled artillery pieces and other armoured vehicles and destroyed locally, 108 T-64 tanks and 139 other pieces of military equipment limited by the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE). [21] This agreement was implemented after the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) took force in 2005. This Company signed a $1.7 billion loan agreement with China Development Bank for two huge housing developments in San Francisco. Collectively the biggest companies in the world were responsible for$31.7 trillion in 2021, 4.8% less from 2020 - which was a record high of$33.3 trillion. [113] Roman Catholics are mainly located in northern Transnistria, where a notable Polish minority lives. It has 43 members who are elected for 5-year terms. The top list data is always based on the latest available financial statements. Sinopec Group - $401 billion. This corporation has extensive foreign contacts and a well-developed network of partners, especially in Russia, . ; 3 Rbnia () with two important bridges over the Dniester River, Rbnia has a scenic location, and is home to Transnistria's largest company, a steelworks Speaking on a conference call with . Mihai Grecu, Anatol ranu, Trupele Ruse n Republica Moldova (Culegere de documente i materiale). Walmart also led ranking of companies by revenue in 2022, with a total revenue of about 600. The opposition Narodovlastie party and Power to the People movement were outlawed at the beginning of 2000[80] and eventually dissolved. The main transportation route in Transnistria is the road from Tiraspol to Rbnia through Dubsari. It states the remaining troops are serving as peacekeepers authorised under the 1992 ceasefire, are not in violation of the Istanbul accords and will remain until the conflict is fully resolved. Most of the companies were able to recover from this turnaround while others simply packed their bags. Both Swiss companies' agrochemical and pharmaceutical divisions made Novartis the company it is today. The largest power company Moldavskaya GRES (Cuciurgan power station) is in Dnestrovsc and owned by Inter RAO UES,[140] and the gas transmission and distribution company Tiraspoltransgas is probably controlled by Gazprom, although Gazprom has not confirmed the ownership officially. [146], The OSCE mission to Moldova has urged local authorities in the Transnistrian city of Rbnia to return a confiscated building to the Moldovan Latin script school in the city. For Western European companies, Transnistria also became interesting as a textile producer offering low labor and production costs. Zippia Score 4.5. [116], Transnistria has a mixed economy. A company controlled by businessmen from Transnistria has recently become the main mobile operator in the Crimean peninsula - a Ukrainian territory annexed by Russia in March 2014. Following the 1991 Soviet coup d'tat attempt, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR declared its independence from the Soviet Union; on 5 November 1991 Transnistria abandoned its socialist ideology and was renamed "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic".[53]. Although exercising no direct control over the territory of Transnistria, the Moldovan government passed the "Law on Basic Provisions of the Special Legal Status of Localities from the Left Bank of the Dniester" on 22 July 2005, which established part of Transnistria (territory of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic without Bender and without territories, which are under control of Moldova) as an autonomous territorial unit within the Republic of Moldova. The airforce is composed of 9 Mi-8T helicopters, 6 Mi-24 helicopters, 2 Mi-2 helicopters, and several fixed-wing aircraft, including, An-2, An-26 and Yak-18 types. For more companies, head on over to 5 Biggest Private Jet Companies in the World. [147], In November 2005 Ion Iovcev, the principal of a Romanian-language school in Transnistria and active advocate for human rights as well as a critic of the Transnistrian leadership, received threatening calls that he attributed to his criticism of the separatist regime. [109], In 2004, Transnistrian authorities organised a separate census from the 2004 Moldovan Census. As a result, in 2015, 27% of Transnistria's US$189 million exports went to the EU, while exports to Russia went down to 7.7%. [46], On 31 August 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR adopted Moldovan as the official language with Russian retained only for secondary purposes, returned Moldovan to the Latin alphabet, and declared a shared Moldovan-Romanian linguistic identity. Ethnic minorities felt threatened by the prospects of removing Russian as the official language, which served as the medium of interethnic communication, and by the possible future reunification of Moldova and Romania, as well as the ethnocentric rhetoric of the Popular Front. June 2010 surveys indicated that 13% of Transnistria's population desired the area's reintegration into Moldova in the condition of territorial autonomy, while 46% wanted Transnistria to be part of the Russian Federation.[74]. Overall, the 195 smallest producers included in the report . The more radical factions of the Popular Front espoused extreme anti-minority, ethnocentric and chauvinist positions,[44][45] calling for minority populations, particularly the Slavs (mainly Russians and Ukrainians) and Gagauz, to leave or be expelled from Moldova. Transdniester Conflict: Long in the making, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&oldid=1142771370, Romanian-speaking countries and territories, Russian-speaking countries and territories, Ukrainian-speaking countries and territories, Regions of Europe with multiple official languages, States and territories established in 1990, 1990 establishments in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2021, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2013, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2010, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 47.82% Moldovans, 42.55% Ukrainians, 6.89% Russians, 2.74% others, 29.90% Moldovans, 45.41% Ukrainians, 17.22% Russians, 7.47% others, 50.15% Moldovans, 28.29% Ukrainians, 19.03% Russians, 2.53% others, 64.83% Moldovans, 15.28% Ukrainians, 17.36% Russians, 2.26% others, 41.51% Moldovans, 21.71% Ukrainians, 26.51% Russians, 10.27% others, 18.41% Moldovans, 32.31% Ukrainians, 41.44% Russians, 7.84% others, 25.03% Moldovans, 17.98% Ukrainians, 43.35% Russians, 13.64% others, Citizens of Russia: around 150,000 people (including around 15,000 dual citizens of Belarus, Israel, Turkey); excluding those holding dual citizenship of Russia and of Moldova (around 20,000), Citizens of Ukraine: around 100,000 people, Persons without citizenship: around 20,00030,000 people, Beyer, John, and Stefan Wolff. [145] These schools were later registered as private schools and reopened, which may have been accelerated by pressure from the European Union. U.S. largest company in transnistriaperpetual futures binance. "The Dniester Conflict: Between Irredentism and Separatism,", "Ukaz Prezidenta Soiuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik O Merakh po Normalizatsii Obstanovki v SSR Moldova,", "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki,", John O'Loughlin, Vladimir Kolossov & Gerald Toal, "Inside the post-Soviet de facto states: a comparison of attitudes in Abkhazia, Nagorny Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, in, "Nezavisimaya Moldova", 25 October 1994; Informative Report of FAM of RM, nr.2, October 1994, pp. Transnistria's president Igor Smirnov has announced that Transnistria will not pay its gas debt because "Transnistria has no legal debt to Gazprom". During 2002 and 2003 Russian military officials destroyed a further 51 armoured vehicles, all of which were types not limited by the CFE Treaty. [24][25] The main ethnic groups are Russians, Moldovans/Romanians, and Ukrainians. The banking sector of Transnistria consists of 8 commercial banks, including Gazprombank. In April 1990, nationalist mobs attacked ethnic Russian members of parliament, while the Moldovan police refused to intervene or restore order.[50]. Moldovans were the largest ethnic group, representing an overall majority in the two districts in the central Transnistria (Dubsari District, 50.2%, and Grigoriopol District, 64.8%) a 47.8% relative majority in the northern Camenca District, and a 41.5% relative majority in the southern (Slobozia District). In 1992, Transnistria experienced a war that prevailed from March to July. Apart from that, the Operational Group of Russian Forces of around 1,000 soldiers and officers is stationed in the unrecognized republic to ensure the security of ammunition depots that store more . The rankings and market cap data of these companies are updated regularly. [42], In the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost in the Soviet Union allowed political liberalisation at a regional level. The report also states that the same holds true for the production of such weapons, which is likely to have been carried out in the 1990s, primarily to equip Transnistrian forces. "From secessionist conflict toward a functioning state: processes of state-and nation-building in Transnistria. The share of ethnic Russians and Ukrainians was especially high and an overall majority of the population, some of them Moldovans, spoke Russian as a mother tongue. Others accounted for 5,700 people or 1.2%. Following is a list of largest companies in Pakistan: Conglomerates. The March 2021 findings showed that 52% of the 166 focus companies targeted for engagement - which includes many of the largest and most carbon intensive in the world - had already committed to net-zero in some form. A first round of swingeing culls hit the technology sector in November. [12][13][14] In March 2022, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a resolution that defines the territory as under military occupation by Russia.[15]. The aviation industry is one of the attractive sectors in the world simply due to the nature of the products. Recent weapons inspections were permitted by Transnistria and conducted by the OSCE. In 2007, the registration of a Social Democratic Party was allowed. In addition, another municipality, the City of Bender, situated on the western bank of the Dniester, in Bessarabia, and geographically outside Transnistria, is not part of the territorial unit of Transnistria as defined by the Moldovan central authorities, but it is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR's administrative organisation: Each of the districts is further divided into cities and communes. Transnistrian authorities declared that they are not involved in the manufacture or export of weapons. [110] As per 2004 census, in the areas controlled by the PMR government, there were 555,347 people, including 177,785 Moldovans (32.1%) 168,678 Russians (30.4%) 160,069 Ukrainians (28.8%) 13,858 Bulgarians (2.5%) 4,096 Gagauzians (0.7%), 1,791 Poles (0.3%), 1,259 Jews (0.2%), 507 Roma (0.1%) and 27,454 others (4.9%).[111]. Romanian Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova, Kolsto, et al. A cafe in Transnistria called Back in the USSR (MEE/Andrei Popoviciu) Tiraspol announced earlier this year its highest ever trade turnover with Russia of more than $820 million. It also depends. [citation needed], Andrei Stratan, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Moldova, stated in his speech during the 12th OSCE Ministerial Council Meeting in Sofia on 67 December 2004 that "The presence of Russian troops on the territory of the Republic of Moldova is against the political will of Moldovan constitutional authorities and defies the unanimously recognized international norms and principles, being qualified by Moldovan authorities as a foreign military occupation illegally deployed on the territory of the state". The localities controlled by Moldova on the eastern bank, the village of Roghi, and the city of Dubsari (situated on the eastern bank and controlled by the PMR) form a security zone along with the six villages and one city controlled by the PMR on the western bank, as well as two (Varnia and Copanca) on the same west bank under Moldovan control. One is Accenture: even though it is originally from the US and has a global headcount of more than 500,000, its headquarters is now located in Dublin, Ireland, making it an Ireland-based company. [76] During the 2006 presidential election, the registration of opposition candidate Andrey Safonov was delayed until a few days before the vote, so that he had little time to conduct an election campaign. D. espite challenges brought on by the pandemic, ongoing war and unpredictable markets, the world's largest public companies managed to boost sales and profits in the last year. Transnistria, along with Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Artsakh, is a post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zone. According to the 2006 referendum, carried out by the PMR government, 97.2% of the population voted in favour of "independence from Moldova and free association with Russia". Moldova and the Dniestr Region: Contest Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures? In February 2011, it was started again in Vienna. Following a large scale privatisation process in the late 1990s,[117] most of the companies in Transnistria are now privately owned. As per the 2017 census, the country had a population of about 3.4 million people including that of Transnistria. In late October 2014 MTS-Ukraine, which held a 57% share of the Crimean market of mobile telecommunication services, has sold all . The largest companies by turnover The largest employers in total The most profitable companies TOP LISTS COUNTRY Denmark by turnover Finland by turnover Norway by turnover Sweden by turnover Top lists county Stockholm County Capital Region of Denmark Southern Finland Oslo County The best Nordic search engine gets even better! The territory controlled by the PMR is mostly, but not completely, conterminous with the left (eastern) bank of Dniester. In 1941, after Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union during the Second World War, they defeated the Soviet troops in the region and occupied it. [133][134] In November 2007, the total debt of Transnistria's public sector was up to US$1.64billion. As of 2009[update] the population of Transnistria comprised about 555,000 people. One of the reasons for the creation of the Moldavian ASSR was the desire of the Soviet Union at the time to eventually incorporate Bessarabia. From an economic perspective, Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe. [40] During the Romanian occupation of 194144, between 150,000 and 250,000 Ukrainian and Romanian Jews were deported to Transnistria; the majority were executed or died from other causes in ghettos and concentration camps of the Governorate. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 400 pixels. The punishment is up to three years of jail for ordinary people or up to seven years of jail if the crime was committed by a person of responsibility or a group of persons by prior agreement. Original file (SVG file, nominally 1,200 600 pixels, file size: 2 KB) It proclaimed its independence on September 2, 1990. Tesla began 2022 as the world's fifth largest company by market cap and ended the year in 11th place after their CEO Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter.