2.1: Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest By Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Spain. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. The magnetic compass was a compass that had a magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. Gallery. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. | 22 succeed. The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. They also found a sea route to India. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. SE. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. . Sources. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Magellan's Circumnavigation of the Earth | Origins The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Spanish Exploration And Colonization - 1015 Words | Studymode In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. They also found a sea route to India. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. Islamic states had dominated. . Portugal imported armor and munitions, fine clothes, and several manufactured products from Flanders and Italy. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History An error occurred trying to load this video. Hogwarts Legacy - steamcommunity.com Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. Location of the Strait of Magellan. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. Back to Table of Contents. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. answer choices. 247 lessons The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. This button displays the currently selected search type. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. All rights reserved. flashcard sets. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. 5 Pages. Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - OpenStax extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. Spanish & Portuguese Exploration of the New World & Asia | Motives This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. JMSE | Free Full-Text | Can a 16th Century Shipwreck Be Considered a When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. The Dilemma of the West, African Americans in the Antebellum United States, The Filibuster and the Quest for New Slave States, An Awakening of Religion and Individualism, The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party, The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife, The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War, Congress and the Remaking of the South, 18651866, The Loss of American Indian Life and Culture, The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens, Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor, The African American Great Migration and New European Immigration, Political Corruption in Postbellum America, The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold, The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America, New Voices for Women and African Americans, The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire, American Isolationism and the European Origins of War, Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath, Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment, Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s, Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal, The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States, The African American Struggle for Civil Rights, Jimmy Carter in the Aftermath of the Storm, Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 14921650. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Ten years later, Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru where he subsequently conquered the Incan Empire situated in the Andes Mountains. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. European countries started to think about forming empires, spreading Christianity, and ruling the world. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. In 1521, Hernando Corts conquered the Aztecs in Mexico, gaining a territory that was larger than Spain itself. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. What are the effects of Spain exploration? The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. It began with the Vikings' brief stint . The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. Hernn Corts hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? Age of Discovery - Wikipedia In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. While disease killed populations. Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. The process where the Spanish and Portuguese Christians reclaim the Iberian Peninsula is called the Reconquista. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. The Age of Discovery & Exploration - Practice Test Questions & Chapter In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. Benjamin Walter on LinkedIn: What is the effect of emplacement depth Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus.