[P3] P3 Abstracting 5.2.1A 5.2.1B 5.2.1C 6. C. inductive reasoning. Emotion and memory are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors. A. Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning? A. Which of the following statements are true of algorithms? a. d. means-end analysis. D. Concepts/problem solving, In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems A. Abductive reasoning Short-term memory storage lasts 15 to 30 seconds. This is an example of: People who believe that aliens have come to earth may disregard evidence that crop circles are human-made. b. b. rule of thumb. nondeclarative (implicit) memory. b. emotional intelligence. Rehearsal moves information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Round answer to the nearest cent. Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper, which she then just throws away. They love going into nature, spreading a blanket on the ground, and eating a delicious meal. D. precision, ________ is a characteristic of good problem solvers. The questions required the participants to process the words at one of the three levels. c. the more likely that person will succeed in an academic setting. Psychology is considered a science and comes from a foundation of chemistry because of its focus on research. Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers? Similarly, most people have a song that causes a specific emotional response. These are concrete, high-imagery words. b. insight The different files stored in the file cabinet are called concepts. Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. Whichofthefollowingoptionsistrueaboutalgorithms?a. Question 2. Note the longest string at which you got the series correct. Concepts are, in many ways, big ideas that are generated by observing details, and categorizing and combining these details into cognitive structures. The step-by-step approach is the basis for most teaching and learning. What are the most effective ways to ensure that important memories are well encoded? B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. Our powerful event schema dictates our behavior in the elevator, and it is no different with our phones. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. D. algorithmic, According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, ________ intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine. An artificial concept, on the other hand, is a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics. Alternatively, elaborative rehearsal is the act of linking new information you are trying to learn to existing information that you already know. c. best measured by the Stanford-Binet IQ test. There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. _____ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. b. divergent thinking. Sensory information about sights, sounds, smells, and even textures, which we do not view as valuable information, we discard. D. 5 to 6, ________ may help us to generalize, whereas ________ may help us accomplish a goal. It is generally accepted that memories are organized in semantic (or associative) networks (Collins & Loftus, 1975). 10. Which of the following is true of algorithms? Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. For example, if you meet someone at a party and your phone is dead but you want to remember his phone number, which starts with area code 203, you might remember that your uncle Abdul lives in Connecticut and has a 203 area code. c. Analytical intelligence For instance, the memory of your last birthday is an episodic memory. Yet, you dont notice most of your brains activity as you move throughout your daily routine. b. is present in all animals and helps them learn symbols for language. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. An algorithm is a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. b. are licensed under a, Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. Because you can recall images (mental pictures) more easily than words alone. The brain then processes this information and uses the relevant pieces to create thoughts, which can then be expressed through language or stored in memory for future use. c. pragmatics. Which of the following is TRUE of algorithms? ________ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence. When problem-solving, deciding which method to use depends on the need for either accuracy or speed. Five-year old Jordan is seeing a speech therapist in his preschool once a week because he has difficulty saying the "r" sound in his own name. A FalseA stream cipher is a type of algorithm that encrypts each byte in a message one at a time. D. It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. Twin studies by Trzaskowski and others in 2014 report that the heritability of intelligence is found to be as high as ________ percent. A. Heuristics take more time than algorithms. Because it is a schema, it is extremely challenging for us to stop reaching for the phone, even though we know that we endanger our own lives and the lives of others while we do it (Neyfakh, 2013) (Figure 7.5). a. visual/spatial intelligence. B. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be met first? It involves a process of comparison. Cooper's life. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . c. divergent thinking. C. timing bias. involves being receptive to other ways of looking at things. B. C. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Trial and error is another term for: Algorithms allow automation of complex tasks. You know what it looks like, smells like, tastes like, and feels like. _____ involves the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to devise unconventional solutions to problems. Upon waking each morning, you begin thinkingcontemplating the tasks that you must complete that day. Choose all that apply. Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time. If you did, you probably have associated peanut butter and jelly in your mind. Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and: a. quantitative processing. Recalling the names of the members of a famous football team is an example of. d. different aspects of intelligence. Whorf used the now-famous example of the Inuits' many words for snow to support the: This powerful event schema is informed by your pattern of behavior and the pleasurable stimulation that a phone call or text message gives your brain. a. mind set. The process of taking out unnecessary details from problems. Research suggests that ________ affect the person's prototype for that category. In psychology, for example, Piagets stages of development are abstract concepts. A company uses a spreadsheet to prepare its statement of cash flows. Texting while driving is dangerous, but it is a difficult event schema for some people to resist. Marilu Henners super autobiographical memory is known as hyperthymesia. Algorithmsare written in a programming language. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. A. creativity. The goal of clustering a set of data is to. grove hill medical center new britain, ct; . One cannot really consider long-term memory without thinking about the way it is organized. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. Standardization Bertha now believes that all of the students from that school must also be nice and is considering transferring there. c. Psychology is not considered a science, but is a form of sociology. b. studies showing that animals make instinctual sounds only. Semantic means having to do with language and knowledge about language. A. convergent thinking. c. algorithmic. b. syntax. Call Today +971 2 4440458 Al-Muror Road, Behind Al-Mushrif Mall, Abu dhabi Current research suggests that it is the habit, or event schema, of checking our phones in many different situations that makes refraining from checking them while driving especially difficult (Bayer & Campbell, 2012). Although implicit memories are learned outside of our awareness and cannot be consciously recalled, implicit memory is demonstrated in the performance of some task (Roediger, 1990; Schacter, 1987). C. analytical Next count backwards from 40 by fours, then check yourself to see how well you recalled the sentences this time. A. indulge in fixations. C. Retroductive reasoning It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect.". These stages were first proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968). For example, an emergency room doctor making a decision about how to treat a patient could use an algorithm approach. Mistakes may occur, but this approach allows for speedy decisions when time is of the essence. a. accurately determine IQ. Round the results to three decimal places. You never face the back of the elevator, do you? A. creative Can you get these things done before you head to class or will they need to wait until school is done? or numbers for which there is no identifiable pattern or sequence. refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage? Brainstorming is an example of When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on recognition to help you choose the correct answer. Preparing for the dinner party in this way is an example of 20. Because texting and driving has become a dangerous epidemic in recent years, psychologists are looking at ways to help people interrupt the phone schema while driving. Material is far better encoded when you make it meaningful. a. an algorithmic solution B. It involves learning information that you previously learned. For instance, some people really enjoy picnics. An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. What memory problems is she most likely to have now? D. Unlike heuristics, algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. Priming is also the reason you probably said jelly in response to peanut butter. The human nervous system is capable of handling endless streams of information. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo OTHER QUIZLET SETS. B. providing a single accurate solution to any problem During decay, the memory trace becomes less activated over time, and the information is forgotten. c. convergent thinking. In either case, you usually cannot put the memory into words that adequately describe the task. This is an example of a(n) Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. For example, before learning the concept of area of a square (and the formula to find it), you must understand what a square is. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. We recommend using a They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. moment. D. unreliable. Could semantic encoding be beneficial to you as you attempt to memorize the concepts in this chapter? A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). Compare Points of View Should democracies take action to help prevent dictatorships? Most likely none of us could even come close to answering these questions; however, American actress Marilu Henner, best known for the television show Taxi, can remember. c. Fluid intelligence A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period. B. 110-120. An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. Usually, episodic memory is reported as a story. B. algorithm c. They are what happens when the mind simply reorganizes a problem and comes up with a solution in an "aha!" Divergent thinking is especially difficult to teach to: Implicit memory includes procedural memory and things learned through conditioning. Author: Question. Recalling the names of the members of a famous football team is an example of. D. convergent thinking. Returning to the computer metaphor, implicit memories are like a program running in the background, and you are not aware of their influence. These thoughts are one example of cognition at work. d. males. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. Why is this? C. Vocabulary usually decreases below 50 words per day when children are between ages 9 and 11. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. The senses serve as the interface between the mind and the external environment, receiving stimuli and translating it into nervous impulses that are transmitted to the brain. Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance. c. beet Whitney is now 31, and her company has offered her an opportunity to work in their Mexico City office. When you are solving problems for your math homework, you don't want to risk your grade on a guess. While you could use an algorithm to map out every possible route and determine which one would be the fastest, that would be a very time-consuming process. Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? A. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect." In the context of human development, _____ refers to the individual's environmental and social experiences. B. are slow. (a) Our concept of snow is an example of a natural conceptone that we understand through direct observation and experience. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Memory is an information processing system; therefore, we often compare it to a computer. In 1956, George Miller reviewed most of the research on the capacity of short-term memory and found that people can retain between 5 and 9 items, so he reported the capacity of short-term memory was the "magic number" 7 plus or minus 2. Mathematical formulas, like the equation for area (length width) are artificial concepts defined by specific sets of characteristics that are always the same. Emotional intelligence For most people, the capacity will probably be close to 7 plus or minus 2. b. consciousness and intuition. D. speed of processing.